2019外研版高中英语必修一Unit6 At one with nature 重点词汇

知识点1 prevent v.阻挡，防止

The flat terraces catch the rainwater and prevent the soil from being washed away.（教材P63）

水平的梯田能够储存雨水，防止土壤流失。 情景导学

Special arrangements have been made for dropouts who have returned to schools to prevent them（from）dropping out again.

为了避免（劝返）回校的辍学生再辍学，（教育部门）采取了一些特殊的举措。 Stress should be put on the prevention of diseases. 应重视对疾病的预防。 归纳拓展

①prevent sb.（________）doing sth.阻止某人做某事 ②________n.预防；防止；防范 名师点睛

表示“阻止某人做某事”的表达还有：stop sb.（from）doing sth.和keep sb.from doing sth.等，其中stop短语中的介词from可以省略，但keep短语中的from不能省略。在被动结构中，以上短语中的from均不可省略。 链接高考 单句语法填空

1-1（2020天津，完形填空）Loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes, but it can________（prevent）in a clever way. 1-2（2019天津，阅读理解C）________（prevent）is key, scientists say, because once ecosystems pass their tipping point（临界点）, it is remarkably difficult for them to return.

1-3（2017北京，阅读理解D）Machines with s specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to prevent themselves ________being destroyed.

知识点2 harmony n.融洽相处，和谐

1 / 12

But perhaps what is most significant is the way in which people have worked in harmony with nature to make these terraces and grow rice.（教材P63） 但也许最重要的是人与自然和谐相处建造梯田并种植水稻的方式。 情景导学

Although there are wars, I believe it's possible for all countries to live in harmony with each other in the future.

虽然有战争，但我相信未来所有国家彼此和睦相处是可能的。

（China Daily，2020年1月）Without a harmonious and stable environment, how can there be a home where people can live peacefully and work happily? 没有和谐稳定的环境，人们怎么会有安居乐业的家园？ 归纳拓展

①________harmony with与……协调一致，与……和谐相处 live/work in harmony融洽地生活/工作 ②________adj.和谐的，融洽的，协调的 链接高考 单句语法填空

2-1 Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live ________harmony with nature.

2-2 ...A broad range of seemingly conflicting features that you combine to a________（harmony）design of your own. 完成句子

23我们用真诚和忠诚营造了一种和谐的气氛。

It was with sincerity and faithfulness that we created________ ________ ________. 2-4规则帮助我们和谐地生活在一起，因为它们向我们展示了对待他人的正确方式。

Rules help us ________ ________ ________ ________, because they show us the right way to treat others.

知识点3 design v.设计；打算；意欲，意图n.设计；设计方案

The terraces are cleverly designed, with hundreds of waterways that connect with each

2 / 12

other.（教材P63）

这些梯田设计巧妙，其间有数百条相互连通的水渠。 情景导学

This entrance is specially designed for people in wheelchairs. 这个入口是专门为坐轮椅的人设计的。

The party was designed to bring the two old men together. 这次聚会的目的是让两位老人聚在一起。

It is said that a boy left his schoolbag on the plane by design because he didn't want to do his homework.

据说一个男孩故意把书包落在飞机上，因为他不想做家庭作业。 归纳拓展

①be designed________专为……而设计

②be designed ________sth.为做某事（特定目的）计划，设计；目的是/计划做某事

③________design有意地，故意地（=on purpose） 链接高考 单句语法填空

3-1（2020全国Ⅱ，阅读理解B）What did Levine take into consideration when________（design）her experiment?

3-2（2020浙江，七选五）When my mother saw my creations，she told me how creative my________（design）were.

3-3（2020天津，阅读理解C）The Silence Machine is a device specially designed ________（stop）unwanted sound from affecting you.

3-4（2019江苏，阅读理解C）Understanding technological trends is very important for correctly________（design）economic policies.

3-5（2019天津，10）Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially________（design）to help them succeed academically and personally. 知识点4 harm v.&n.伤害，损害

These terraces also provide a perfect environment for birds and fish, some of which

3 / 12

feed on insects that can harm the rice crops.（教材P63）

这些梯田也为鸟类和鱼类提供了绝佳的环境，一些鸟和鱼以危害水稻作物的昆虫为食。 情景导学

The heavy haze in East China especially in Jinan did great harm to people's health. 华东地区特别是济南，严重的霾对人们的健康造成了巨大的损害。 There's no harm in telling him the truth. 把告诉他没有什么坏处。

It's harmful to your health to drink too much. 过量饮酒对你的健康有害。 归纳拓展

①do...harm/do harm对……有害

there is no harm________（sb.'s）doing sth.做某事（对某人）没有什么坏处 ②harmful adj.有害的；导致损害的 be harmful________...对……有害处 ③harmless adj.无害的 链接高考 单句语法填空

4-1（2016课标全国I，阅读理解A）Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the________（harm）effects of chemicals on humans and on the world's lakes and oceans.

4-2 Light pollution does harm ________the eyesight of animals. 句型转换

4-3（2019课标全国I，七选五）

While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial vitamin D. →While the sun's rays can age and ________ ________ ________ our skin, they also give us beneficial vitamin D.（harm）

→While the sun's rays can age and ________ ________ ________ our skin, they also give us beneficial vitamin D.（harmful）

4 / 12

知识点5 replace v.以……替换，更换

In sentence（a）, can we replace \"in which\" with \"where\" without changing the meaning?（教材P65）

在句子（a）中，我们可以用“where”代替“in which”而不改变其含义吗？ 情景导学

Teachers will never be replaced by/with computers in the classroom. 课堂上电脑永远不会取代老师。

He will replace his father as the general manager of the company next year. 明年他将取代他父亲成为公司的总经理。 Since Tom is absent, who will take the place of him? 由于汤姆缺席，谁会代替他呢？ 归纳拓展

①replace sb./sth.=take the place________ sb./sth.代替某人/某物 ②replace sb./sth. ________ /by..用……代替某人/某物 ③replace…________...取代……而成为…… 链接高考 单句语法填空

5-1（2019课标全国Ⅱ，完形填空）Nervousness and fear were replaced ________ joy.

5-2（2018北京，阅读理解D）________（replace）petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80%.

5-3（2017课标全国Ⅱ，语法填空）When all those had been done, the road surface________（replace）. 一句多译

5-4（2020全国I，阅读理解D）发光的植物能代替灯吗？ →Could glowing plants ________ lamps?

→Could glowing plants ________ ________ ________ ________ lamps? 知识点6 narrow adj.狭窄的，不宽的；勉强的；狭隘的v.（使）变窄；缩小

5 / 12

Tourists can stand I on a narrow glass platform called the Skywalk to see the Grand Canyon.（教材P66）

游客可以站在一个叫作“天空步道”的狭窄的玻璃平台上观看科罗拉多大峡谷。 情景导学

We will continue to narrow the differences to the minimum through dialogues and negotiations.

我们将继续通过对话和谈判将分歧缩小到最小。 He had a narrow escape when his car skidded on the ice. 汽车在冰上打滑，他险些出事。

He was narrowly hit by a bus when he was turning to the left. 向左转弯时，他险些被一辆公共汽车撞到。 归纳拓展

①narrow…________...把……局限在……之内 ②have________九死一生，幸免于难 ________ adv.勉强地，以毫厘之差；狭隘地 链接高考

写出下列句中narrow的词性和词义

6-1（2019天津，阅读理解D）Most of us, in fact, progressively narrow the variety of our lives.（词性：________；词义：________）

6-2 Leaping on a narrow balance beam（平衡木）is not easy. But Lola Walter, a 13-year-old gymnast, is an expert at it.（词性：________；词义：________） 完成句子

6-3父母和孩子应该更多地交流，以缩小他们之间的隔阂，以便他们能更好地相互理解。

Parents and children should communicate more to ________ ________ ________between them so that they can understand each other better. 知识点7 limited adj.有限的

But in cities, limited space has led to people looking for new solutions.（教材P70） 但是在城市，有限的空间导致人们寻找新的解决方案。

6 / 12

情景导学

I believe teaching should not be limited to the classroom. 我认为教学不应该局限在教室内。

You should try to limit your speech to five minutes. 你应该尽量把你的演讲在五分钟之内。 Every child has limitless potential for success. 每个孩子都有无限的成功潜能。 归纳拓展

①be limited________受限于……，局限到…… ②limit v.；限定n.；（常作复数）范围；界限 limit... ________...把……限定在……范围内 ③________adj.无的，无界限的 链接高考 单句语法填空

7-1（2019江苏，阅读理解C）Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to a waste of________（limit）resources.

7-2（2019江苏，任务型阅读）Walking upright challenges the human bone structure，and________（limit）the size of brains.

7-3 Sometimes, he was limited ________a cage underwater but that did not bother him. 根据汉语提示填空

7-4（2019天津，阅读理解B）And I've found that the possibilities that lie within books are________（无限的）.

知识点8 benefit n.好处，益处y.使受益；得益于 What are the benefits of gardening?（教材P70） 园艺的好处是什么？ 情景导学

Doing exercise every day is of benefit to health. =Doing exercise every day is beneficial to health. 天天做运动对健康有好处。

7 / 12

The soldier lost his life for the benefit of his motherland. 这名士兵为了祖国的利益献出了生命。

（China Daily，2020年11月）This will create more opportunities for the world to benefit from China's high-quality economic development. 这将为世界从中国经济高质量发展中获益创造更多机遇。 归纳拓展

①benefit________...从……中受益/获益

be ________benefit to...有益于……；对……有好处 ②________adj.有利的；有益的；受益的 be beneficial to.有益于……；对……有好处

③________the benefit of sb.=for sb.'s benefit为了某人的利益 链接高考 单句语法填空

8-1（2020浙江，阅读理解B）\"It's not going to fix everything, but adaptive signals have some________（benefit）for smaller cities,\" he says.

8-2（2020全国Ⅱ，阅读理解B）In which aspect do children benefit ________puzzle play?

8-3（2019北京，语法填空C）The students ________（benefit）most from college are those who are totally engaged（参与）in academic life，taking full advantage of the college's chances and resources（资源）.

8-4（2019课标全国I，书面表达）Besides, I am fluent in both Chinese and English, which is ________（benefit）to introducing Chinese paintings.

8 / 12

参： 知识点1 ①from ②prevention

1-1 be prevented考查被动语态。句意：孤独是一个严重的社会问题，它会导致抑郁甚至犯罪，但它可以以一种巧妙的方法被阻止。it指的是前面提到的名词Loneliness，故本句主语it和动词prevent之间为被动关系，本空应用被动语态。 1-2 Prevention考查词性转换。句意：科学家说，预防是关键，因为一旦生态系统超过它们的临界点，恢复它们相当困难。此处作主语，因此用名词形式。 1-3 from考查介词。句意：具有特定用途的机器与生物相联系，部分原因是它们可能能够防止自己被摧毁。prevent sb. from doing sth. 意为“阻止某人做某事”，故本空应用介词from。 知识点2 ①in ②harmonious

2-1 in考查介词。句意：人类生活被视为大自然的一部分，严格说来，我们生存的唯一途径就是与大自然和谐相处。in harmony with意为“与……协调一致，与……和谐相处”，故本空应用介词in。

2-2 harmonious考查形容词。分析语境可知，本空修饰名词design，故应用形容词harmonious。

2-3 a harmonious atmosphere 2-4 live together in harmony 知识点3 ①for ②to do ③by

3-1 designing考查现在分词。句意：在设计实验时，莱文把什么考虑在内了？根据空前when可知，本空在句中作状语，句子主语Levine和动词design之间为主动关系，故本空应用现在分词作状语。

9 / 12

3-2 designs考查名词复数。句意：当我妈妈看到我的作品时，她告诉我我的设计多么有创意。根据空后were可知本空应用名词复数形式。

3-3 to stop考查不定式。句意：静音机是一种专门为阻止不必要的声音影响你而设计的装置。be designed to do sth.意为“为做某事（特定目的）计划，设计”，故本空应用不定式形式。

3-4 designing考查动名词。句意：了解技术发展趋势对于正确制定经济非常重要。根据空前介词for可知，本空应用动名词形式。

3-5 designed考查过去分词。句意：现在大多数大学都为一年级学生开设了一门专门为他们设计，以帮助他们在学业和个人方面取得成功的课程。本空在句中作定语，被修饰名词course和动词design之间为被动关系，故本空应用过去分词作定语。 知识点4 ①to; in ②to

4-1 harmful考查形容词。句意：她1962年（出版）的畅销书《寂静的春天》提高了人们对污染的危险和化学物质对人类以及世界上的湖泊和海洋的有害影响的认识。此处修饰名词effects，故应用形容词，根据句意可知应用harmful。 4-2 to考查介词。句意：光污染损害动物的视力。do harm to意为“对……有害”，故本空应用介词to。 4-3 do harm to; be harmful to 知识点5 ①of ②with as

5-1 with/by考查介词。句意：紧张和恐惧被喜悦取代了。replace sb./sth. with/by…用……代替某人/某物。

5-2 Replacing考查动名词。句意：在全球范围内，用电动、自动驾驶和共享系统取代汽油驱动的私家车，可以减少80%的交通碳排放。本空在句中作主语，故应用动名词形式。

5-3 was replaced考查时态和语态。句意：所有那些都做完后，路面就被换了。本

10 / 12

句中时间状语从句用过去完成时，故本空所在的主句应用一般过去时；且主语surface和动词replace之间为被动关系，故本空应用一般过去时的被动语态。 5-4 replace; take the place of 知识点6 ①to

②a narrow & escape ③narrowly 6-1动词；缩小 6-2形容词；狭窄的 6-3 narrow the gap 知识点7 ①to ②to ③limitless

7-1 limited考查形容词。句意：对新技术影响的错误判断会导致对有限的资源的浪费。本空修饰名词resources，故应用形容词limited，意为“有限的”。 7-2 limits考查时态。句意：直立行走挑战人类的骨骼结构，并大脑的大小。本句主语为动名词短语Walking upright，and连接并列谓语，根据空前动词challenges可知，本空应用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式limits。

7-3to考查介词。句意：有时他被在一个水下的笼子里，但那并没有让他感到不安。limit...to...把……在……。 7-4 limitless 知识点8 ①from; of ②beneficial ③for

8-1 benefits考查名词复数。句意：他说：“这并不能解决所有问题，但是自适应信号对较小的城市有一些好处。”本空提示词benefit为可数名词单数，根据空前some可知，本空应用名词复数形式。

11 / 12

8-2 from考查介词。句意：儿童在哪方面受益于益智游戏？benefit from意为“从……中受益/获益”，故本空应用介词from。

8-3 benefitting考查现在分词。句意：从大学中受益最多的学生是那些完全投入到学术生活中，充分利用学校的机会和资源的学生。本空在句中作定语，被修饰名词students和动词benefit之间为主动关系，故本空应用现在分词形式作定语。 8-4 beneficial考查形容词。句意：另外，我的中英文都很流利，这对介绍中国画很有好处。本空在句中作表语，故应用形容词beneficial。

12 / 12