句型
Ⅱ.重点句型详解
1．While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.你在遛狗的时候不小心让狗松脱了，接着它被一辆小车撞着了。
While walking the dog＝While you were walking the dog，这是状语从句的省略。 在when, while, if, as if, though, as, where, unless等连词(词组)引导的状语从句中，如果谓语动词有be，而主语又跟主句的主语相同或为it时，则从句的主语和be常常省略。
①When (I was) in Japan, I took many beautiful pictures. 在日本时，我拍了许多漂亮的照片。
②While (I was) waiting, I read newspapers. 我边等待，边看报纸。
③If (it were) not for you, we would not go there. 要不是为你，我们就不会去那儿了。
④He looks as if (he were) drunk.他看上去像喝醉了。 ⑤She went on working though (she was) exhausted. 尽管她精疲力竭，但仍继续工作。
⑥Fill in the blanks with the given words; change the form where (it is) necessary.用所给词填空，必要的地方改变形式。 ⑦I won't go unless (I'm) invited. 除非被邀请，否则我不会去。
[即境活用1] When first ______ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
A．introducing B．introduced C．introduce D．being introduced
解析：将从句补全应为When these products were first introduced to the market，主从句主语一致且从句中有be，可以省略主语和be。 答案：B
2．...tell him/her that he/she should have studied... „„告诉他/她本该学习„„
should have done结构表示过去应该做某事而事实上没有做；而shouldn't have done则表示过去本不该做某事而实际上却做了，两者皆含有“责备”的口吻。 ①You should have finished your homework yesterday. 你昨天就该做完作业。
②You shouldn't have told him about it. 你本来不应该告诉他这件事情。
拓展：其他“情态动词＋have＋done”结构：
(1)must have done对过去发生的事情的肯定推测。“一定„„”。
(2)can't/couldn't have done对过去发生的事情的否定推测。“不可能„„”。 (3)needn't have done过去没有必要做却做了。“本来没必要做„„”。 (4)ought (not) to have done＝should (not) have done
(5)might/may have done过去可能做了某事(可能性小)。“可能做了„„”。 (6)could have done过去本可能做而未做。“本来能做„„”。
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(7)would have done愿意做某事却不能做。“本来想要做„„”。
[即境活用2] Oh, I'm not feeling well in the stomach. I ______ so much fried chicken just now.
A．shouldn't eat B．mustn't have eaten C．shouldn't have eaten D．mustn't eat
解析：由just now可知，本题谈论过去之事。谈论过去之事，在should或must之后接不定式的完成式。must表示推测只用于肯定句中，shouldn’t have done表说话之前不应该做某事，但事实上却做了，含有责备的口气。 答案：C
3．...it was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face to face...
„„这是我一年半以来第一次观察夜晚„„
It is/was the first time(that)．..这是一个固定句式，it可换成this或that; first可换成second, third等，以表达不同的意义。
①This is the fourth time she's rung you in a week. 这是她一周内第四次给你打电话。
②It was the second time that he had been out with her alone.这是他第二次单独跟她外出。
③It will be the second time that I have got the prize. 那将是我第二次获得该奖。
提示：(1)It is the first time that...后接现在完成时；It was the first time that...后接过去完成时；It will be the first time that...后接现在完成时。 (2)the first time可起从属连词作用，引导时间状语从句。 The first time I saw her, my heart stopped. 我第一次见到她时，心脏都停止了跳动。
(3)for the first time意为“第一次”，单独用做状语。 He was cheated for the first time. 他第一次被骗了。
[即境活用3] —Have you ever been here before?
—No. This is the first time that I ______ to the Great Wall. A．comes B．have been C．came D．had come
解析：This is the first time that...之后的从句需要用现在完成时态。 答案：B
4．Mother asked her if/whether she was very hot with so many clothes on.妈妈问她穿这么多衣服是不是很热。
“with＋n.＋形容词/副词/介词短语/分词/动词不定式”这种结构在句中经常做状语，表示原因、方式或伴随状态。如果分词的动作与前面的名词是主动关系，用现在分词；如果是被动关系，则用过去分词；如果表示一个未来的动作就用不定式。
①He lay on his back, with his eyes looking up into the sky. 他躺着，眼瞅着天空。 ②With his homework done, he went out to play. 完成作业，他就出去玩了。
③With the guide to lead us, we'll have no difficulty finding his house. 有导游带路，我们将不费力地找到他家。
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④He came in, with a book in his hand. 他手里拿着一本书走了进来。
⑤He is used to sleeping with the windows open. 他已经习惯了开着窗户睡觉。
⑥He often sleeps with the light on. 他经常开着灯睡觉。
[即境活用4] ______ five minutes ______ before the last bus left, we arrived at the station.
A．There were; go B．With; to go
C．It was; left D．It had; left
解析：本题考查with的复合结构，即“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”。本题用不定式做宾补表示将来的动作。句意：在最后一班公交车离开的前五分钟，我们到了车站。 答案：B B1U2
Ⅱ.重点句型详解
1．Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak the same kind of English. 以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所说的英语不尽相同，也可以相互交流。 句中 even if 相当于 even though, 意为“即使；尽管”，引导让步状语从句。even if/though 引导的从句中可用现在时代替将来时。
①Even if you don't like flowers, you shouldn't miss the flower exhibition.即使你不喜欢花，这次花展你也不应错过。
②We have decided to visit the museum even if it rains tomorrow.我们决定明天去参观博物馆，即使下雨。
拓展：(1)引导让步状语从句的引导词还有 although, though, no matter when/what..., whenever, wherever, however 等等。
(2)as也可以引导让步状语从句，但要把其表语、谓语或宾语前置，且前置的单数名词不可以加冠词。
①Even though you achieve great success in your work, you should not be conceited. 即使你们在工作中取得了巨大的成绩，也不应该自满。 ②Whatever you do, do it well. 不管你做什么，把它做好。
③However hot it is, he won't take off his hat. 不管多热，他都不摘下帽子。
④Girl as she is, she can go alone in the darkness. 尽管她是个女孩，她敢一个人走夜路。
[即境活用1] (2007·浙江)Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, ______they knew it to be valuable.
A．as if B．now that
C．even though D．so that
解析：even though＝even if “即使”，引导让步状语从句。 答案：C
2．Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English. 信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。
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(1)believe it or not 信不信由你。常在句中做插入语。 (2)no such thing 没有这样的事情。such与 all, no, some, any, few, little, many, much, several, one 等词连用时，应位于它们的后面。
①Believe it or not, he refused to accept our offer. 信不信由你，他拒绝接受我们的帮助。
②There is no such street in the city. 这城市没有那样的街道。
③He said he didn't have time or made some such excuse. 他说他没有时间或别的诸如此类的借口。 [即境活用2] (2009·安徽)I’m amazed to hear from my school teacher again. ______， it is ten years since we met last. A．In a word B．What’s more
C．That’s to say D．Believe it or not
解析：句意：想不到又一次收到学校老师的来信，信不信由你，我们上次见面还是在十年前。in a word总之；what’s more而且；that’s to say也就是说；believe it or not信不信由你。 答案：D
3. with的复合结构
[应用3] (1)—Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. —Sorry. With so much work ______ my mind, I almost break down. A．filled B．filling
C．to fill D．being filled
解析：with复合结构中，work和fill是主动关系，且表示正在进行，因此其后要用doing结构。 答案：B
(2)John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ______， he gladly accepted it.
A．finished B．finishing
C．having finished D．was finished
解析：根据work和finish是被动关系，可以判断出答案。 答案：A
(3)______ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend. A．With B．Besides C．As for D．Because of
解析：根据句意，此处应采用“with＋宾语＋不定式”。 答案：A
(4)It was cold outside, the boy ran into the room ______ his nose red. A．to B．on C．in D．with
解析：这个句子考查with的复合结构的用法，用“with＋名词＋形容词”做状语表示伴随情况。而to、on、in作为介词则没有这种用法，故排除A、B、C，答案为D。句意是：外面天气很冷，那个男孩跑进了屋子时，鼻子红红的。 答案：D
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